In the absence of treaties, U.S. Congress was now able to unilaterally make decisions on subsequent land acquisitions. Thus, the last Kanza land cession in Kansas was the result, not of a treaty, but of congressional action: House Report Number 2503 required the appraisal and sale of the Kanza’s remaining land and expulsion from their homelands. Pushed by railroad and mining speculators and ever-increasing pressure from non-Native settlers who knew they were squatting illegally on Kanza land, Congress passed the “Kaw Land Bill”. This bill removed the Kanza to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) and re-sold their land in 160-acre tracts to non-Natives. There was strong dissent from the Kanza to the seizure and sale of their land. As Chief Allegawaho stated in 1871, “The whites have made attempts to buy my land, but I have refused to listen to them” (qtd. in Parks 232).