This war leads to the establishment of an independent U.S. government. The new U.S. government adopted European approaches to colonialism, including the Doctrine of Discovery, which, by the 1830s, became the legal backbone for continued colonization, known as “Manifest Destiny.” This was affirmed in U.S. case law in a series of three Supreme Court cases that would come to be known as the Marshall Trilogy: Johnson v M’Intosh (1823), Cherokee Nation v Georgia (1831), and Worcester v Georgia (1831).